El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión en torno al modo en que actualmente se toman las decisiones de diseño de la investigación en la psicología clínica, para lo cual la autora se apoya en: (1) un reconocimiento de la naturaleza compleja del fenómeno de "lo clínico"; (2) los planteamientos de Je..

Background: This study investigated the factors affecting the acceptability in France of abortions. Method: 80 study participants from Toulouse and 124 from Metz judged the acceptability of abortion in 64 vignettes composed of five factors: 1) the adolescent's age (15 or 17.5 years), 2) the adolescent's plans to continue schooling or not, 3) the fetus' age (1, 2, 3, or 4 months), 4) the adolescent's parents' agreement or not, and 5) the agreement or not of baby's father. Results: Three clusters (...) were noted: 1) abortion is never acceptable (8% of participants), 2) abortion is always acceptable (23%), and 3) acceptability of abortion depends on the circumstances (63%). In the majority cluster (3), all five factors had significant effects, but the fetus's age accounted for most of the variance (78%). Conclusion: Most subjects in this study judged, in accordance with French law, that the acceptability of induced abortion in minors depends on the circumstances and, in particular, on the fetus' age. (shrink)

Aim To carry out a detailed study of existing positions in the French public of the acceptability of refusing treatment because of alleged futility, and to try to link these to people’s age, gender, and religious practice. Method 248 lay participants living in southern France were presented with 16 brief vignettes depicting a cancer patient at the end of life who asks his doctor to administer a new cancer treatment he has heard about. Considering that this treatment is futile in (...) the patient’s case, the doctor refuses to prescribe it. The vignettes were composed by systematically varying the level of four factors: likelihood of a positive effect, painfulness to the patient of the treatment, cost of the treatment, and attitude of the family. Results Five main positions were identified. For 10%, refusing treatment was almost never acceptable. 35% judged acceptability in line with the level of painfulness. 19% judged acceptability consistent with an interaction between the painfulness of treatment and likelihood of positive effect. For 30% it was either almost always acceptable or always acceptable. 5% did not take a position. Conclusion A range of positions regarding the acceptability of refusing to provide treatment on the basis of perceived futility was observed. These positions have been analyzed in terms of what physicians and medical ethicists would see as the four principles of medical ethics. This description of lay people’s positions in terms of the principles of medical ethics present clinicians with a conceptual tool to improve communication and shared decision making. (shrink)

This paper makes an assessment of a number of texts (classics) dealing with the debate on intellectual history, as well as the discussion about the being and must be of intellectuals. The idea is to demonstrate the relevance of this debate, as well as of its endless discussion, its trajectory in other disciplines and the need for more dialogue between those who practice them.

Background: This study investigated the factors affecting the acceptability in France of abortions. Method: 80 study participants from Toulouse and 124 from Metz judged the acceptability of abortion in 64 vignettes composed of five factors: 1) the adolescent's age (15 or 17.5 years), 2) the adolescent's plans to continue schooling or not, 3) the fetus' age (1, 2, 3, or 4 months), 4) the adolescent's parents' agreement or not, and 5) the agreement or not of baby's father. Results: Three clusters (...) were noted: 1) abortion is never acceptable (8% of participants), 2) abortion is always acceptable (23%), and 3) acceptability of abortion depends on the circumstances (63%). In the majority cluster (3), all five factors had significant effects, but the fetus's age accounted for most of the variance (78%). Conclusion: Most subjects in this study judged, in accordance with French law, that the acceptability of induced abortion in minors depends on the circumstances and, in particular, on the fetus' age. (shrink)

En este artículo se explican algunos de los métodos analíticos utilizados en dos museos históricos: Arqueológico Nacional y Museo Nacional del Prado. Desde su creación, están dotados de “talleres” de restauración que, de forma paulatina, se han ido transformando en laboratorios. Los tratamientos antiguos ofrecen datos muy valiosos al restaurador para extraer información de la evolución de los criterios y productos empleados, pero actualmente los tratamientos en los museos tienen que auxiliarse de la ciencia y las técnicas analíticas. Actualmente la (...) restauración es una vía fundamental para investigar sobre la conservación de nuestros fondos museísticos. Los exámenes previos a cualquier intervención son indispensables para conocer la composición material de los objetos, sus técnicas de fabricación, causas de alteración y determinar el tratamiento más adecuado a cada caso. La colaboración entre los departamentos de conservación e instituciones dotadas de laboratorios especializados es primordial para documentar científicamente los procesos de restauración. (shrink)

La Pedagogía para la Paz en Colombia se brinda desde enfoques diseñados para promover valores como la paz, la convivencia pacífica y la justicia social, buscando cambiar actitudes y formas de relacionamiento para prevenir la violencia. Implica crear y fortalecer espacios de conciliación, promover el perdón, la reconciliación y abordar aspectos como la resolución de conflictos desde edades tempranas. Escuchar y valorar las narrativas de las víctimas del conflicto armado en el hecho victimizante de la desaparición forzada, es esencial para (...) construir una paz duradera, promoviendo el reconocimiento, la comprensión en la comunidad. La Pedagogía para la Paz implica un desafío para trabajar y construir un mundo libre de miedo, violencia, opresión, promoviendo la justicia, la dignidad y el amor por la humanidad. (shrink)

La didáctica geográfica en la enseñanza superior incorpora el trabajo de campo como instrumento de primer orden. Las salidas de campo constituyen la base de la investigación geográfica puesto que proporcionan conocimiento sobre los elementos configuradores y procesos del espacio geográfico. Las geotecnologías cuentan con capacidad para recrear virtualmente escenarios análogos a las salidas tradicionales. Se compararon las cualificaciones de dos grupos de alumnos sin encontrarse diferencias significativas entre los que realizaron salidas virtuales y tradicionales. La virtualización de las salidas (...) de campo es un elemento útil y de inclusividad más allá del contexto de pandemia. (shrink)

Background: This study investigated the factors affecting the acceptability in France of abortions. Method: 80 study participants from Toulouse and 124 from Metz judged the acceptability of abortion in 64 vignettes composed of five factors: 1) the adolescent's age (15 or 17.5 years), 2) the adolescent's plans to continue schooling or not, 3) the fetus' age (1, 2, 3, or 4 months), 4) the adolescent's parents' agreement or not, and 5) the agreement or not of baby's father. Results: Three clusters (...) were noted: 1) abortion is never acceptable (8% of participants), 2) abortion is always acceptable (23%), and 3) acceptability of abortion depends on the circumstances (63%). In the majority cluster (3), all five factors had significant effects, but the fetus's age accounted for most of the variance (78%). Conclusion: Most subjects in this study judged, in accordance with French law, that the acceptability of induced abortion in minors depends on the circumstances and, in particular, on the fetus' age. (shrink)

Food democracy is a concept with growing influence in food research. Food democracy deals with how actors may regain democratic control over the food system enabling its sustainable transformation. Following multi-level perspective framework's connotations, food democracy research has so far mainly focused on the niche level of the food system. An integrative approach that includes the perspectives of both the regime and the niche is still missing. This study addresses this research gap and proposes a new conceptual framework for food (...) democracy that includes actors from the niche and the regime level. Furthermore, we apply our conceptual framework to the urban food system of Vienna to explore the deeper meaning and practice of food democracy. Finally, we have conducted semi-structured interviews with actors at niche level and regime level within Vienna’s urban food system. Findings from this research broaden the perspective on food democracy and illustrate actors’ contributions at niche and regime level such as promoting organic food, re-localizing food provision, and procuring environmentally sustainable public food. Barriers to food democracy were also identified, e.g.: actors’ self-enhancement values, market-orientation, and capitalist alignment or lack of transparency. We conclude that actors at the niche and, to some extent, at the regime level may contribute to a process of on-going changes that fosters a transformation of established structures within the food system. (shrink)

En filosofía de la mente se ha sugerido que, a diferencia de los estados puramente materiales, los estados conscientes serían aquellos de los cuales podemos decir que existe ‘un algo que es como estar en ellos’ para un sujeto, esto es, estados que poseen una fenomenología. Asumiendo una demarcación intuitiva entre estados sensoriales y estados cognitivos, durante los últimos años se ha establecido un debate en torno a la pregunta acerca del carácter fenoménico de nuestros estados cognitivos, especialmente, el de (...) nuestros pensamientos. A este asunto se le ha denominado el debate acerca de la fenomenología cognitiva. El análisis del debate parece depender del examen crítico de las formas en las que establecemos conclusiones acerca de los componentes fenoménicos de nuestra propia vida mental. El presente artículo elabora diversos problemas que se derivan del uso de dos estrategias en este contexto: reportes introspectivos y los contrastes fenoménicos. Luego de analizar la forma en que tales estrategias podrían favorecer a cierta posición dentro del debate, el artículo concluye comentando cómo algunos asuntos asociados a la fenomenología de la actividad matemática podrían iluminar el debate. (shrink)

Civic Humanism is one de most relevant theories in present day political philosophy. Its main characteristics are the rejection of radical individualism, the emphasis on the social and political responsibility of citizens, and the consideration that the realisation of a mature personality is only possible through communities on pre-political and pre-economical levels. The author of this paper maintains that there is a continuity from the start of Civic Humanism in Renaissance until its revival in XX Century. He defends as well (...) that the philosophical roots of Civic Humanism can be found in the aristotelian practical philosophy, especially in the notions of good citizen, good life, common good and teleological praxis. (shrink)

Mauricio Beuchot, filósofo mexicano, desarrollador de diversos títulos referente a la filosofía medieval, filosofía analítica y filosofía del lenguaje, presenta en su último libro otra de sus líneas de investigación y desarrollo en la que es pionero y fundador: la hermenéutica analógica.

Resumen:Actualmente, la euforia y la ira deambulan entre las multitudes como oscilaciones ambiguas de miedo y esperanza, pasiones que, en aquella ya lejana modernidad del barroco, Spinoza catalogó como fluctuaciones del ánimo provocadas por afectos inconstantes de alegría y tristeza. Durante el desarrollo del capitalismo, el miedo y la esperanza dejaron de ser pasiones efectivas para llevar a cabo el gobierno de las masas. Ambas fueron reemplazadas por la euforia y la ira, segmentaciones de frecuencias afectivas que dominan los flujos (...) sociales con el propósito de obtener mayores rendimientos en la concentración de capital.Palabras clave: Pasiones; Ira; Euforia; Fluctuaciones; Composiciones de afectos; Consumo; Multitudes; Frecuencias afectivas; Flujos sociales. (shrink)

¿Existe algún vínculo o nexo entre el pensamiento de Schelling y Schopenhauer? Comúnmente, la relación entre estos pensadores no ha sido estudiada debido, en gran parte, al rechazo explícito de parte de Schopenhauer a toda la filosofía postkantiana. Sin embargo, este trabajo tiene por finalidad mostrar que las ideas de uno y otro pensador, referentes al tema de la metafísica de la voluntad, tienen más de alguna coincidencia que no resulta ser meramente casual. Palabras clave: Schopenhauer - Schelling - Metafísica (...) de la voluntad - Contrapunto. (shrink)

This article analyzes the changing politics of hands-on display at the New York Museum of Science and Industry by following its urban deambulation within Midtown Manhattan, which went hand in hand with sharp shifts in promoters, narrative, and exhibition techniques. The museum was inaugurated in 1927 as the Museum of the Peaceful Arts on the 7th and 8th floors of the Scientific American Building. It changed its name in 1930 to the New York Museum of Science and Industry while on (...) the 4th floor of the Daily News Building, and it was close to being renamed the Science Center when it finally moved in 1936 to the ground floor of the Rockefeller Center. The analysis of how the political agenda of the different promoters of the New York Museum of Science and Industry was spatially and performatively inscribed in each of its sites suggests that the 1930s boom of visitor-operated exhibits had nothing to do with an Exploratorium-like rhetoric of democratic empowerment. The social paternalistic ideology of the vocational education movement, the ideas on innovation of the early sociology of invention, and the corporate behavioral approach to mass communications are more suitable contexts in which to understand the changing politics of hands-on display in interwar American museums of science and industry. (shrink)

hay una importante contradicción en el pensamiento de Hume. Por una parte sostiene que las creencias religiosas son en el fondo bastante débiles, pero por otra parte se las hace responsables de importantes males a nivel social. Esto se complementa con una teoría donde se insiste en la hipocresía de la profesión eclesiástica. El resultado de la confluencia de estas tesis es una propuesta de tolerancia y de control secular de la Iglesia, porque es en ese contexto donde las creencias (...) religiosas pierden la fuerza que puedan tener y se convierten en inofensivas para los verdaderos intereses de la sociedad, que son siempre seculares. (shrink)

How do nuclear technologies become commonplace? How have the borders between the exceptional and the banal been drawn and redrawn over the last 70 years in order to make nuclear energy part of everyday life? This special issue analyzes the role of fun and display, broadly construed, in shaping the cultural representation and the material circulation (or non-circulation) of nuclear technologies. Four case studies, covering the United States, Great Britain, Portugal, Spain, and Ukraine from the 1950s to the 2000s, explore (...) how specific forms of public display and playful practices of cultural production were used as means to banalize (or de-banalize) nuclear energy. This introduction addresses the main theoretical and historiographical signposts of the special issue and outlines the different ways in which the articles explore them. (shrink)

Erns Cassirer ha sido conocido, generalmente, como historiador de las ideas, relegando su propuesta filosófica a un segundo plano. Sin embargo, toda su fundamentación filosófica, pese a sucumbir ante el lenguaje del idealismo y el tener un trasfondo netamente kantiano, abre nuevos horizontes de comprensión dados en el símbolo. Por eso, a través de las formas simbólicas, Cassirer pasa de una crítica de la razón pura, a una crítica de la cultura, en donde todo el quehacer humano se manifiesta.

This study analyzes the dissemination and readership of two medieval medical works in Catalan. Combining the use of diverse sources such as the manuscripts themselves, post-mortem inventories, and the prologues written by the translators, the study shows how the diffusion of these works exemplifies the two main audiences to which vernacular texts were addressed. These were, on the one hand, literate but not Latinate surgeons and other practitioners interested in the new medicine emanating from the emerging universities; and on the (...) other, nobles and burghers interested in issues of health and disease and in natural philosophy in general. The framework for the study is the general process of consolidation of the new medical system which developed in late medieval Latin Europe. (shrink)

Uno de los temas recurrentes en la filosofía contemporánea es, sin duda, el de la idea de la nada, si bien, de alguna manera, ha sido tema constante de la filosofía. El doble objeto del juicio de existencia implica la primera otredad intelectual que es, precisamente, el origen de la idea de no-ser.

The new contexts of literary education allow for the creation of digital reading and writing practices related to what specialised literature calls digital literature. Among these practices and with an eminently theoretical content and with an example of this content, in this paper, we want to focus our gaze on cyberpoetry, conceived as an exercise in literary creativity that firstly involves use of technology and specific software for the digital creation of poetic texts and, last but not least, knowledge and (...) mastery of poetic language and the literary conventions linked thereto. From this point of view, in initial teacher training, we work with future teachers to create cyberpoems with a dual purpose: on the one hand, to reflect on what literary reading in digital format entails and to rehearse reading mediation processes that can be carried out with this type of literature, and, on the other, to begin in the digital creation of cyberpoems that, later, may be presented and worked in a real context of the school classroom. In this paper, we present digital practices of literary reading that have been created by student teachers in initial training. The creation of these practices has been carried out with the Genially tool. For data collection, the URL of each creation is accessed in order to analyse them. The analysis of the data follows the parameters of the qualitative methodology, specifically based on three categories of analysis for each digital creation: multimodality, hypertextuality and the interaction of each digital reading proposal. The conclusions of all this allow us to affirm that the creation of cyberpoems is an exercise in literary creativity that has to take into account the digital dimension of the literary text and its reading comprehension in a multimodal environment. Thus, the teacher in initial training carries out a digital literary mediation exercise, of a creative type, which he will later carry out in his pedagogical practice. (shrink)

In this historical article, Newton da Costa discusses Francisco Miró Quesada’s philosophical ideas about logic. He discusses the topics of reason, logic, and action in Miró Quesada’s work, and in the final section he offers his critical view. In particular, he disagrees with Miró Quesada’s stance on the historicity of reason, for whom “reason is essentially absolute”, whereas for da Costa it “is being constructed in the course of history”. Da Costa concludes by emphasizing the importance of Miró Quesada’s theory (...) of logic and reason, despite it still being incomplete. -/- Historical article by Newton da Costa, annotated and translated by J. C. Cifuentes and L. F. Bartolo Alegre. (shrink)

¿Existe algún vínculo o nexo entre el pensamiento de Schelling y Schopenhauer? Comúnmente, la relación entre estos pensadores no ha sido estudiada debido, en gran parte, al rechazo explícito de parte de Schopenhauer a toda la filosofía postkantiana. Sin embargo, este trabajo tiene por finalidad mostrar que las ideas de uno y otro pensador, referentes al tema de la metafísica de la voluntad, tienen más de alguna coincidencia que no resulta ser meramente casual. Palabras clave: Schopenhauer - Schelling - Metafísica (...) de la voluntad - Contrapunto. (shrink)

El papel que ocupa la poesía en la escuela queda, generalmente, reducido a ejercicios de recitación de poemas en jornadas que conmemoran fechas señaladas. Como formadores de maestros y maestras en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Lleida, en las materias relacionadas con la didáctica de la literatura, pretendemos que nuestros estudiantes amplíen su mirada sobre el género poético y lo conciban como parte de la educación literaria de calidad de sus futuros discentes. La dramatización de poemas, como (...) aquí explicamos y ejemplificamos, es un buen modo de hacerlo para lograr la educación literaria antes citada. (shrink)